- EBP Research Process
- Levels of Evidence
- Example PICO Questions
- PICO
Need more help?
Ask a Librarian
EBP Research Process
Ask a Question
- Get to know your topic
- Ask yourself the 5 W's and H: Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How? (Who are the stakeholders? What is the issue/problem/concern/innovation? Where and When will it/does it occur? Why is it important? How will you propose to address it?)
- Do background research to make sure you have a solid foundation.
- Create a research question to guide your search.
- Try the PICO question development method
Acquire Evidence
- Where will you search?
- What keywords or subject headings will you use to find information on your topic?
- What types of studies or data will be most helpful in answering your question?
- Brainstorm answers to these questions, then search Health Research Databases to find the best evidence on your topic
Appraise the Evidence
- Critically appraise the evidence/research you found: what methodologies were used? How was the data analyzed and reported? Are the conclusions supported by the data?
Implement
- Consider what the evidence means in your situation, related to your stakeholders and their needs, and how it may be best implemented.
Evaluate/Assess
- How did it work? Did you see results that created the outcomes you were trying to achieve? Do you need to adjust the implementation? Do you need a different solution?
Levels of Evidence
Melnyk Model:
I. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
II. Well-designed RCTs
III. Well-designed, controlled trials without randomization
IV. Well-designed cohort and case-control studies
V. Systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
VI. Descriptive and qualitative studies
VII. Expert consensus reports
Source: Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Other Example:
More information on 'Types of Studies' on this page from the Evidence Based Practice Tutorial at Duke University
Example PICO Questions
Example PICO Statements from CINAHL Evidence based practice care sheets:
1. In the elderly at risk of falling, is tai chi effective in reducing the risk and preventing falls as compared with those who do not practice tai chi?
2. Are alcohol based hand rubs more effective or less effective in reducing HRI's than soap and water techniques?
3. Is peer-pressure more effective than educational interventions in improving hand hygiene practices?
4. Are PPI's (proton pump inhibitors) effective medical therapy for esophagitis and GERD in children and adolescents?
5. In older adults with wandering , is music therapy or exercise/activities more effective in decreasing wandering/pacing?
PICO
links to self learning PICO tutorial
- Last updated: Aug 22, 2024 1:59 PM
- URL: https://libguides.asu.edu/SpeechHearingSciences
- Print page
The ASU Library acknowledges the twenty-three Native Nations that have inhabited this land for centuries. Arizona State University's four campuses are located in the Salt River Valley on ancestral territories of Indigenous peoples, including the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and Pee Posh (Maricopa) Indian Communities, whose care and keeping of these lands allows us to be here today. ASU Library acknowledges the sovereignty of these nations and seeks to foster an environment of success and possibility for Native American students and patrons. We are advocates for the incorporation of Indigenous knowledge systems and research methodologies within contemporary library practice. ASU Library welcomes members of the Akimel O’odham and Pee Posh, and all Native nations to the Library.
